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| 1 | +Title: pandas 3.0.0 release candidate ready for testing! |
| 2 | +Date: 2025-12-12 |
| 3 | + |
| 4 | +# pandas 3.0.0 release candidate ready for testing! |
| 5 | + |
| 6 | +We're excited to announce the release candidate for pandas 3.0. This major |
| 7 | +release brings significant improvements to pandas, but also features some |
| 8 | +potentially breaking changes. |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +To ensure a smooth pandas 3.0 release, we can use your help to [test the |
| 11 | +release candidate now](#call-to-action-test-the-release-candidate). |
| 12 | + |
| 13 | +## Highlights of pandas 3.0 |
| 14 | + |
| 15 | +pandas 3.0 introduces several major enhancements: |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +- **Dedicated string data type by default**: String columns are now inferred as |
| 18 | + the new `str` dtype instead of `object`, providing better performance and type |
| 19 | + safety |
| 20 | +- **Consistent copy/view behaviour with Copy-on-Write (CoW)** (a.k.a. getting |
| 21 | + rid of the SettingWithCopyWarning): More predictable and consistent behavior |
| 22 | + for all operations, with improved performance through avoiding unnecessary |
| 23 | + copies |
| 24 | +- **New `pd.col` syntax**: Initial support for `pd.col()` as a simplified syntax |
| 25 | + for creating callables in `DataFrame.assign` |
| 26 | + |
| 27 | +Together with a lot of other improvements and bug fixes. You can find the |
| 28 | +complete list of changes in our |
| 29 | +[release notes](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/dev/whatsnew/v3.0.0.html). |
| 30 | + |
| 31 | +## Important changes requiring code updates |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +As a major release, pandas 3.0 includes some breaking changes that may require |
| 34 | +updates to your code. The two most significant changes are: |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +### 1. Dedicated string data type by default |
| 37 | + |
| 38 | +Starting with pandas 3.0, string columns are automatically inferred as `str` |
| 39 | +dtype instead of the numpy `object` (which can store any Python object). |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | +**Example:** |
| 42 | +```python |
| 43 | +# Old behavior (pandas < 3.0) |
| 44 | +>>> ser = pd.Series(["a", "b"]) |
| 45 | +>>> ser |
| 46 | +0 a |
| 47 | +1 b |
| 48 | +dtype: object # <-- numpy object dtype |
| 49 | + |
| 50 | +# New behavior (pandas 3.0) |
| 51 | +>>> ser = pd.Series(["a", "b"]) |
| 52 | +>>> ser.dtype |
| 53 | +>>> ser |
| 54 | +0 a |
| 55 | +1 b |
| 56 | +dtype: str # <-- new string dtype |
| 57 | +``` |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | +This change improves performance and type safety, but may require code updates, |
| 60 | +especially for library code that currently looks for "object" dtype when |
| 61 | +expecting string data. |
| 62 | + |
| 63 | +For more details, see the |
| 64 | +[migration guide for the new string data type](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/dev/user_guide/migration-3-strings.html). |
| 65 | + |
| 66 | +### 2. Consistent copy/view behaviour with Copy-on-Write (CoW) |
| 67 | + |
| 68 | +Copy-on-Write is now the default and only mode in pandas 3.0. This makes |
| 69 | +behavior more consistent and predictable, but requires updates to certain coding |
| 70 | +patterns. |
| 71 | + |
| 72 | +The most impactfull change is that **chained assignment will no longer work**. |
| 73 | +As a result, the `SettingWithCopyWarning` is also removed (since there is no |
| 74 | +longer ambiguity whether it would work or not), and defensive `.copy()` calls |
| 75 | +to silence the warning are no longer needed. |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | +**Example:** |
| 78 | +```python |
| 79 | +# Old behavior (pandas < 3.0) - chained assignment |
| 80 | +df["foo"][df["bar"] > 5] = # This might modify df (unpredictable) |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | +# New behavior (pandas 3.0) - must do the modification in one step (e.g. with .loc) |
| 83 | +df.loc[df["bar"] > 5, "foo"] = 100 |
| 84 | +``` |
| 85 | + |
| 86 | +In general, any result of an indexing operation or method now always behaves as |
| 87 | +if it were a copy, so modifications of the result won't affect the original |
| 88 | +DataFrame. |
| 89 | + |
| 90 | +For more details, see the |
| 91 | +[Copy-on-Write migration guide](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/dev/user_guide/copy_on_write.html#migrating-to-copy-on-write). |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | + |
| 94 | +## Call to Action: test the Release Candidate |
| 95 | + |
| 96 | +We need your help to ensure a smooth pandas 3.0 release! |
| 97 | + |
| 98 | +Especially if you have pandas code in production or maintain a library with |
| 99 | +pandas as a dependency, it is strongly recommended to run your test suites with |
| 100 | +the release candidate, and report any issue to our issue tracker before the |
| 101 | +official 3.0.0 release. |
| 102 | + |
| 103 | +How can you best test the release candidate? |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | +1. **First update to the latest released pandas 2.3** (if you are not already |
| 106 | + running that version) and test it with your codebase. It is recommended to |
| 107 | + resolve any deprecation warning before upgrading to pandas 3.0. |
| 108 | +2. Optionally, you can already enable the new string dtype and Copy-on-Write |
| 109 | + mode using pandas 2.3 (`pd.options.future.infer_string = True` and |
| 110 | + `pd.options.mode.copy_on_write = True`). |
| 111 | +3. **Install the release candidate** (see below) and test it with your codebase |
| 112 | +4. **Run your existing code** to identify any issues or needed updates |
| 113 | +5. **Report any problems** you encounter on our [GitHub repository issue tracker](https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues) |
| 114 | + |
| 115 | +The more testing we get now, the smoother the final pandas 3.0 release will be |
| 116 | +for everyone. Your feedback is crucial for making this a successful release! |
| 117 | + |
| 118 | +### Getting the Release Candidate |
| 119 | + |
| 120 | +You can install the pandas 3.0 release candidate from PyPI: |
| 121 | + |
| 122 | +```bash |
| 123 | +python -m pip install --upgrade pandas==3.0.0rc0 |
| 124 | +``` |
| 125 | + |
| 126 | +Or from conda-forge using conda/mamba: |
| 127 | + |
| 128 | +```bash |
| 129 | +conda install -c conda-forge/label/pandas_rc pandas==3.0.0rc0 |
| 130 | +``` |
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